Boiler construction



Aug. 31 1926. f 1,598,062

' J. A. DIE'NNER ET AL BOILER CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 12. 1919 4 Sheets-Shet l www5 wimzow liurwvm Y U g d'oyjg Aug. 31 1926; Y 1,598,062

. J. A. DIENNER ET AL BOILER CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. l2, 1919 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Aug. 31 1926. 1,598,062

J. A. DIENNER ET Al.

BOILER CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 12, 1919 4 sheets-sheet s Aug. 31 1926. 1,598,062

J. A. Dil-:NNER ET Al.

BOILER CONSTRUCTI'ON' Filed Dec, 12, 1919 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 l ZUJlZz'aml Winslow Eg//wM/@Mmf www www Patented Aug. 31, 1926.

1,593,062 FICE.

JOHN A.' DIENNER, 0F CHICAGO, WILLIAM E.

NOIS, ASSIGNORS TO TUBAL BOILEB C0.

ILLINUIS.

wrNsLow, or ervan ronnsr, 11.1.1- or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION or l BOILER CONSTRUCTION.

Application 1111111` December 12, 1919. Serial No. 344,404.

The present invention relates to boilers,

more particularly of the sectional water tube type, and is generally concerned with improvements in theV construction of the boiler sections. e More specifically, thefinvention pertains to animproved construction of header or Y riser for these boiler sections and has as its primary object 'to provide an improved method of constructlng these headers of sheet metal,- such as wrought metal plates. The secondary object of the invention is to provide an improved construction of sectional header formed of a plurality of independent'sections.

The more fin devising t are: To reduce the cost of manufacture by utilizing sheet material instead of tubular a0 stock; to facilitate the operation of welding the circulating tubes in the headers andv also obtain a more eiicient weld by providinga sectional construction of header which will permit accessto the interior thereof; and

Y to provide a construction of headerfk which' is adaptable to shaping and forming to secure any desired kformation of header. The latter object .is 4of particular advantage in many situations as it allows of a relative proportioning of, (1 .,the volumetric capacit)7 of the headers, 2) the area b of'heating surface exposed to the iire gases,

p (3) the relative location and extent of physi- Y cal contact between the adjacent headers. The present method of constructing head- Y ers has particular utility in a circular type of sectional water-tube boiler,such as is drs- 'closed in the copending application of W..

VI-I. Winslow, Serial No. 344,355, filed December 12, 1919.' AIn the followin /description, we shall, therefore,` describe t e, invention with specific reference to its utility Vand "advantages in this particular class of boiler, but it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not confined to this particu.- lar class of boiler, but may beextended to other classes and types of boilers as well.I

-' In the accompanying drawings l Figure 1 is a plan view of a circular boiler of the general arrangement disclosed in said copending application, the casing of the boiler bolugv dis osal o the boiler sections;

igure 2 is a vertical sectional view taken" u: njthe une a-a of Figure 1;-

lparticular objects contemplated e'above construction of header" broken away to show the radial- Figure 3 is a fra entar rs ective view of the several pal-gilsn of ong olxlzhd) headers before assembling; Figure 4 is a plan v iew partly.. in elevation and partly in section of a modified construction-of header; y

Figure 5 is a similar view of anothermodified construction; y

Figures 6 and 7 are fragmentary perspective views of the header sections employed in constructing the form of header illustrated in Figure 5;

Figure 8 is a plan view, partly in section, of another modified construction of header; Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 1, showing ,amodified arrangement and construction of the headers and the boiler sections; and

'Figures 10, 11 and 12 are fr entary detail views of modified metho .of joining the'inner and outer plates of the above construction of header.

The boiler illustrated in Figure 1 is composed of a plurality of vertical boiler sections, each designated 10 in its entirety, -which are arranged in circular formation,

each section radiating from a central exhaust flue 11V.v The boiler sections are al'l substantially identical and comprise a long outer header 12 of relatively large cross sectional 'area,.and a short inner header 13 of relatively small cross sectional area, these headers being jointed by afplurality of relatively short cross tubes'14. The outer headers 12 are placed in Contact so as to form a substantially closed ring of'headers,pwhich constitutes a circular outer water wall for the boiler. The inner headers 13 are also placed in contact to form a substantially closed inner ring of headers, which constitutes an inner circular water wall, defining the centralexhaust flue 11. Between the inner and outer water walls is defined a vertical flue space 15 of ring shaped conformation through which pass the products of combustion from the annular re box below. The circulating tubes 14 are inters rsed across this flue space 15, the tubes oixach section extending substantially radially across this flue space, between the inner and outer water walls. The outer water wall is insulated a ainst external heat losses by a series of s abs 16 of e heat insulating material. The insulating slabs are preferably arranged so that there ,is one sv for each boiler' section, whereby 110 any particular boiler section may be removed and replaced without disturbin the heat insulation of the remaining boiler sections. The series of heat insulating slabs are preferably held in place by one or more retaining bands encircling the boiler. A removab e metallic shell or-c-asing 17 completely encloses the top and sides of the boiler.

Referring now to the improved construction of the headers 12 and 13, and referring particularly to AFigures 1 and 3, it will be seen that the outer header 12 isconstructed of two independent channel sections 18 and 19, and that the inner header 13 is likewise constructed of two independent channel sections 21 and 22. As will be observed from Figure 3, the channel section .18 of the out-` er header is provided with relatively long side flanges 18', and the channel section 19 is provided with relatively short flanges 19. The flanges of lboth channel sections are flared outwardly to a small degree so that the lateral faces of the completed header will lie in radial planes in the assembled boiler.

' The web portions of the channel sections may be formed straight or may be curved concentrically with the circular form of the outer water wall.

These channel sections are preferably made out of wrought metal plates, preferably of soft steel, from which the sections are punched and shaped. It is also practicable to construct these channel sections out of stock channel bar if desired. Each rear channel section 18 is provided with a plurality of holes 24 for receiving the'circulating tubes, these holes being preferably disposed in staggered relation to receive the staggered outer ends of the circulating tubes 14. The purpose of this staggered relation of the tubes 1s to distribute the tubes uniformlv across the flue s ace 15, and eliminate arge flue spaces etween the tubes. The holes 24 are unched or drilled, and the surounding metal, is then flared inwardly into the channel formation by the insertion of a suitable flaring tool so as to provide the inwardly projecting nipple flange 25. The operation of punching or drilling these holes and then flaring the same can be accomplished simultaneously with the operation of cutting and shaping the blank header section or at any other preferred time in the formation of these sections. The nip les` 25 afford a more suitable welding sur ace for welding the tubes in the channel section. The provision of these nipples furthermore dispenses with the necessity of flowing any, or very little extra metal between the tube and the channel section to obtain an efcient weld. The weld can be confined entirely to the inside of the channel section or an additional weld can be performed between the` outside of the channel section and .the circulating tube if desired.

The front channel section 19 ma be provided with an aligned series of oles 26 of longer size than the holes 24, for accommodating the removable plugs 27, which permit entrance to the tubes 14 for scaling the same. The holes 26 are formed in the same manner as the holes 24, so as to pro- 'vide the projecting flan es 28 which are internally threaded for t e reception .of the plugs 27. It will be noted that there is only one plug 27 provided for every pair of cross tubes, which is located at a oint intermediate these tubes, and that t ese cross tubes are bowed on arcs extendifi through the plane of the holes 26. By this arrangement only one plug opening is required for the insertion of the scaling or cleaning tool into either of these two cross tubes. This may be modified, however, to provide separate plugs for each tube, in which case the holes for the plugs would bestaggered similarly to the holes for the tubes.

After all ofthe circulating tubes have been welded in'the rear channel section 18, the front channel section 19 is inserted in the rear section with its flanges 19 nested between the flanges 18 and with the ends and edges of these flanges substantially flush. The two sets of flanges are then welded together from top to bottom of the header along the edges, so that the two header sections form an integral header unit. The ends of this header unit are then closed by the insertion of end heads or caps 29, which are welded in the ends of the header. These end heads each consist of a wrought metal stamping or a steel casting formed in the shape of a polygonal cup having upstanding marginal flanges 31 around its four sides.` The inner and outer edges of this cup member are curved concentric with the curvature, of the web portions of the channel sections and the lateral edges are flared similarly to the flanges 18. These end heads are welded in the ends of the header by welding the flanges 31 around the upper edges or margins of the header. The lower end heads 29 may be rovided with an integral stud or other similar means for mounting the boiler sections on the boiler setting and may be provided with a feed-water inlet for admitting feed water to the boiler sections, as illustrated in the copending. application previously referred to. We have not described or 1llustrated these particular details as they are not related to the present invention.

It will be observed that in each of the preceding welding operations free and o en access is had to the two edges to be wel ed, so that the weld can be preformed efficiently and with facility. The weld between thel two channel sections 18 and 19 is made along the aligned edges of the flanges 1819.as indicated at 30 in Figure 1. Both flanges susA are o f substantially the same thickness so that the heat absorption and conduction of tact that these welds are entirely removed' from the temperature of the combustion zone Vand are exposed only to the temperatures in the headers. The uniformity of heat conduction of these aforesaid wclds is also true of the Hanges 31 on the end heads .29 and the cooperating upper-edges of the channel sections. rlhe weld between these flanges 31 and the upper edges ot the channels is also performed along these contiguous edges, as previously described.

The inner headers 13 of the inner water wall are constructed in precisely the same manner just described with the exception that thel holes tor receiving the circulating tubes 14e are substantially aligned and there is no provision tor removable plugs in these headers. IThe two channel sections 2l and 22, which are of relatively small simze, are arranged with the welded flanges facing inwardly so as to present the web of the larger channel section 21 to the 'lue space 15. 'llhese inner headers 13 are somewhat shorter than the outer headers 12, as will be seen from Figure 2, and the lowerrnost circulating tubes 1d are inclined upwardly to secure an upward circulation through the inner headers 13. As fully described in the lli/inslow copending application., the great difference in sectional areas between the two headers 12 and 13 is designed ,to obtain violent agitation in the innerheader 13, and a relatively quiescent circulation in the outer header l2. 'lhe burner, which is ot annular formation, is situated below the boiler sections 10 and is arranged to circulate the products oiJ combustion up through the annular iiue 15 and down and out ot the boiler through the central exhaust due 11.

lteterring particularly to Figure 1, the several boiler sections 10 are preferably interconnected by the provision ot clamping strips 32 engaging within the projectingdanges ot the outer headers 12. rlhese clam' ing strips preterablyextend the tull lengt oit the header and at intervals are provided with holes tor the reception et the clamping bolts 33. 'By contracting these clamping bolts 33 it will be, seen that the eioirrts between the adjacent boiler sections can be tightly compressed to prevent any heat loss through these joints. ln removing a boiler section the outer slab ot insulation it is removed and the bolts 33 are then disenga ed, whereupon that particular section can e freely removed wuthout` disturbing the remaining sections.

It shouldbe noted that the general rectangular formation of the -inner and outer headers results in a uniform depth of water wall throughout each ring of headers, and because of this and the extended area and intimacy of lcontact between the headers there is a minimum heat loss through the water wall. 'lhisrectangular formationiof the headers furthermore ail'ords a maximum cross sectional area and a maximum capacity to the header.

ln Figure l we have illustrated a modied construction et inner and outer'headers. ln this embodiment, the inner or rear channel section 35 is similar in tormationto. the previous channel section 18, but the iront or outer channel section 36 is modihed by the provision of the inwardly bending tlanges 38 of the inner channel section .35. These flanges diverge radially similarly to the previous channel sections. ln forming the danges 37 on the outer channel section 36 the angle or bend" ot the Harige is beaded outwardly to term' an internal locking groove or recess 39. 'lhe edges of the danges 38 are adapted to be forced into these loclring grooves when the anges 37 and 38 are welded, so that the ends ot the danges 33 will be locked against any tendency of the flanges 37 tending to cam the flanges 38 inwardly under the action ot the pressure tending to separate the two channel sections. rl`he web olf' the outer channel section 36 is made oi concave form to obtain greater strength against outward bending and deformation ot this wall under high steam pressures. This concave torina-tion of the outer channel section 36 furthermore acconcmodates the spaced removableplugs t1 and. avoids their projecting beyond the circular confine oit the outer header. ln this instance the plugs t1 are aligned directly with the tubes 1d, there being one plug for each tube, and these tubes are extended in a straight llltl Mill lll@

line between the headers instead ol being curved. The end heads tor closing od the ends oit the header are provided with marginal flanges and are welded within the open ends et the channel sections substantially the same as described ot the other embodiment. rthe two channel sections may be assembled by shaping the outer channel section over the inner, or the two sections may be assembled by sliding the sections lengthwise into engagement with each other. The weld is lperformed along the edge of the outer dange 37, as indicated in solid blaclr at dus lili lt will be noted that, as in the previous ernbodiment, the sectional thichesses are substantially the same and -theretore the two tlanges can he welded with facility, The inner header is constructed ot the two chanl nel section of the outer header is of seminel sections 42 and 43 .which are'shaped similarly to the channel sections 35 and 36 of the outer header. These inner channel sections 42 and 43 are assembledy and welded in practically the same manner as the outer channel sections, and we shall therefore, not describe these again in detail.

In Figure 5, we have'illustrated another modified construction of outer and inner header. In this e bodiment the rear chancylindrical formation as shown in perspective in Figure 7. This semi-cylindrical formation is preferably constructed with the tube openings'46 aligned so as to enter the channel section radially to receive a radial disposal of the cross tubes 14'although it will be apparent that these openings can be staggered to receive a staggered relation of circulating tubes 14 if desired. The outer section 45 is bowed outwardly as clearly shown in `Figure 6 and is formed with re- .versely curved flanges 47 which are adapted to engage contiguous to the flanges 48 of the section 44.` The manner of welding these flanges, and welding the end heads in the ends of the header will be obvious from the foregoing description. The semi-cylindrical formation` of this construction of header forms a corrugated interior surface on the circular water wall of the boiler, and hence exposes a large area of heat absorbing surface to the influence of the ire gases. This semi-circular formation of header, however, possesses the advantage over a header of purely circular formation of affording an -extensive area of contact between adjacent headers, considerably larger than that of purely tangential contact. The circular conformation of the header also has the obvious advantage of possessing a higher factor of strength againsty distortion or disruption of the header under `high steam pressure. AThe inner header is constructed in precisely the same manuel', of the two headerv sections 44 and 45.

' In Figure 8, we have illustrated still another modified construction of header. The two channel sections 52 and 53 are curved so that' they combine to form a header of generally ellipticallformation. The/flanges 54 ofthe outer channel section are lapped over and `welded to the diverging flanges 55 of the inner channel sections 52, so as to form radial" lateral walls.

By reason of the sectional construction of the headers the same can be lconstructed in relatively large units for a given size of boiler. or example, in Figure 9, we have shown the inner and outer headers as embracing one-half of theboiler. In this particular form, the -outer header is constructed of-two semi-circular plates 58-59 the ends of which are bent inwardly to .form end flanges 01 and '62, which are welded together along their adjoining edges, as indicated at `63. A semi-circular top head or plate 64, having a marginal ange -is welded in the top of the header in substantially the manner previously described. A. similar head is,

of course, also welded in the bottom of the header. Any small openings at the upper corners of` theY headers can be suitably plugged by a ,welding operation, as indicated at 66.

The inner headers are constructed inthe same mannen of arched plates 67 and 68 and semi-circular heads 69. The tubes 14 connecting the headers are arranged in any preferred relation, preferably, however, in staggered horizontal rows so as to break up the vertical flue spaces. The superheating coils 71 which lead from the outer header to the steam manifold, (as disclosed in the aforementioned copending application) are disposed in these vertical flue spaces, there being a plurality of such superhcating coils for each outer header. The inner and outer walls of each header may be `reenforced against distortion by transverse stay bolts or the like.

In Figures 10, 11, and 12 are shown modified methods of joining the inner and outer curved plates of the above construction of header. In Figure 10 the two plates are joined by vertical channel sections 72, the ianges of which are welded to the adjoining edges of the plates as indicated at 7 3. In Figure 11 the vertical edges of the plates are bent inward and are formed with small reentrant flanges 74 and 75. These reentrant flanges are placed in engagement and the weld is performed along ytheir line of juncture, as lndicated at 76. In Figure 12 the inner and outer plates are formed with the end flanges 61 and 62 bent outwardly instead of inwardly so as to expose the welds to the outside.

It will be obvious that the foregoing construction of boiler' can be manufactured at a much lower cost than one constructed of a large number of small headers. There is, furthermore, a, much reduced heat radiation loss accruing to this construction by reason of the minimum number of spaces and joints between the headers. Obviously, this construction can be embodied in yheaders of quarter circle formation or in headers of even smaller angular extent.

We do not intend to be limited to the vspecific details and arrangements herein own and described.

1. A sectional unit of a boiler com rising two headers, and a plurality of tubes )oining said headers, one o said headers com rising an inner header section, an outer hea er section, both of said header sections extendin longitudinally throughout the entire lengt ofthe header, one 'of Said header sections having lateral flanges adapted to embracel said nipples.

2. A sectional unit of a boiler comprising two vertical headers and a plurality oftubes dll till

extending bet-Ween said headers, each of said headers'being built up of inner and outer straight-sided sectionsv extending longitudinally throughout the entire length of the header, eachy of said header sections being constructed ot sheet metal shaped into general channel formation with lateral flanges, the inner and outer header sections of each header being nested with the corresponding iianges oit both sections aligned c oextensively,said coextensive anges being welded ton gether, flanged end heads set in the ends ot each of said headers and welded therein, and danged nipples struck inwardly into eachheader from the body ot the innerheader section thereof, said tubes extending into said nipples and being welded therein within each header prior to the assembly ot thev ,header sections.

8. lln a boiler,the combination. ol a plu.- rality ot independent vertical sections, each oi said sections comprising a relatively-- large outer header and a relatively small inner header joined by a plurality ci connecting tubes, said sections being arranged in circular formation. with each section ex tending radially from the center ot the boiler, saidouter headers being placed in contact to torni a circular outer water wall, said inner headers being placed in contact to term a circular inner water wall, each ot said headers comprising an inner header section, an outer header section, both oi? said header sections extending longitudinally throughout the entire length of the header, said inner header section comprising flanged nipples extending inwardly into the header,.the ends ci said connecting tubes being welded in said tlanged nipples trom 'the interior ont said headers, said header sections having lateral anges adapted to be welded together after said connectin tubes have been welded in said nipples, sai rings ot inner and outer headers deiining an annular heating due therebetween, said ring oit inner headers defining a secondary central heating dus,

4l. lin a boiler, a plurality oi sectional boiler units, each voi said boiler units coinprising a relatively large outer header and a relatively small inner header joined by a plurality ci? connecting tubes, each oi said headers comprising an inner header section,

yan outer header section, both ot said header4 throughsections extending longitudinali nut the entire length oit the hea er, both ot said header sections being constructed of sheet metal shaped into channel formation, the -outer header section being nestedwithin the inner header section and having its flanges coextensive with the langes on said inner header section, said flanges being welded together, flanged nipples projecting from the body of tubes being welded in said nipples, said boiler units bein arranged in circular formation with eac unit extending radially from the center oit the boiler, said outer headers being placed contact to form a circular outer wall, said inner headers being placed incontact to forni a circular inner- -water wall, an' .annular heating due between said water walls, and a central heating .this defined by said inner water wall.;I

v5. ln a boiler, a plurality et. ,sectional boiler units, said boiler units bein in circular formation with each ot said units extending substantiallyl radially, each of said units comprising a pair ot headers and each' inner 'header section, said arranged a plurality of substantially horizontal ciru v culating tubes joining said headers, said headers comprising a pair of vertical chan; nel sections, one ot said channel sections having holes formed therein in which are welded said tubes, said channel sections befing assembled with the flanges thereol en-I gaging each. other, said :langes being welded together to torni an integralheader unit, the ilanges on each series of headers contacting to form a closed circular water wall and deiiningan annular dus between the several pairs of: headers, said circulating tubes being interspersed-across said due upwardly along the lengths ot said headers.

6. A high pressure water-tube boiler, comprising a plurality ci sections, each section 'comprising an innerheader and an outer the welded edges of said outer header projecting outwardly .away from the nre, said headers being non-circular incross section with dat side faces in abutment, and water tubes communicating with said headers.

'l'. ln a circular lhigh pressure water-tube boiler, two concentric shells each formed oi'n a plurality ot .abutting headers, watertubes extending across the annular `space between said shells, certain oi the tubes being inclined to establish circulation by the ebullition oit the liquid therein, ,said tubes taking water itroin the outer headers and delivering it to the inner headers, said outer headers being larger than' the inner ones and having radial taces in abutment to torni a continuous outer wall..

8 A high pressure water-tube boiler, coinprising headers, and tu interconnecting said headers, said tubes being welded to said headers inside the same, certain ot said headers having dat faces in abutment to plates, welded together adjacent their edges,

lltl

isa

"forma continuous wall, and being formed of a plurality of longltudinal sections to facilitate forming said inside welds.

9. In a high pressure' water-tube boiler, two concentric rings of vertical headers, the headers of both'rings having radial faces in abutment t'o form substantlally c ontinuous walls, and water-tubes -connecting said headers, certain of said tubes being inclined vto produce automatic circulation y ebullition ofthe liquid in the tubes.

10. A high pressure water-tube boiler, com risin two concentric rings of vertical A hea ers, t e outer ring made up of headers clined to produce automatic circulationvby both larger and longer than those of the inner ring, the heafders of both rin havin radial faces in abutment to form su anti ly continuous walls, and water-tubes connectmg said headers, the lower tubes being inebullition of the liquid in the tubes, and the upper tubes being relativelyr level to provide large volume up to the top of the boiler.

InA witness whereof we hereunto subscribev our names this 29th day of November, A. 25

D. 1919. .JOHN A. DIENNER.

WILLIAM H. WINSLOW. 

